PHについての土木用語解説

PHとは　（ぴーえっち）

pHとは、potential Hydrogen, power of Hydrogenの略で、ぺーはーと呼ぶ人が多い。
物質の酸性、アルカリ性の度合いを示す数値であり、7が中性、数値が小さくなるほど酸性、数値が大きくなるほどアルカリ性である。

〔追記する〕

1．酸度とは　（さんど）

水中に含まれている炭酸、有機酸等の酸分を、一定のpHを示すまで中和するのに要したアルカリを、これに対応するCaCO3のmg／lで表したもので、その1mg／lを1度とする。

2．廃アルカリとは　（はいあるかり）

廃ソーダ液、廃金属石鹸液などのアルカリ性の廃液。PHが8.6以上のもの。

3．廃酸とは　（はいさん）

廃硫酸、廃塩酸、廃有機酸などの廃液。PHが5.8以下のもの。

4．酸性雨とは　（さんせいう）

通常、太陽エネルギーにより蒸発した水は、大気中の炭酸ガスが溶けこんで平衡状態にあるとき、pHは5.6となる。このpH5.6以下の雨を酸性雨と呼ぶ。
雨を酸性側に導く物質としては、工場や火力発電所から排出される硫黄酸化物（SOx亜硫酸ガスと無水硫酸）並びに自動車等の排気ガス中等に含まれる窒素酸化物（NOx一酸化窒素と二酸化炭素）等がある。
これらが、雲内において太陽エネルギーによる一連の光化学反応により、硫酸、硝酸となるといわれている。これらの物質は雲の移動により長距離輸送される。すなわち、発生源が近くになくても、酸性の雨が降ることがあり得るため、対策が困難なものとなっている。国内での被害事例は際だったものは少ない。

5．土コロイドとは　（つちころいど）

土を構成するコロイド粒子を意味し、一般にコロイド粒子は1μm～1nmの非常に粒径の小さな粒子である。
土コロイドの帯電により、周辺のpH環境に応じて凝集したり分散したりする性質がある。
土コロイドとしてカオリン鉱物、スメクタイト鉱物、アロフェン、イモゴライトなどが挙げられ、このうち、アロフェンとイモゴライトは日本国内に広く分布する火山灰土壌に多く含まれる。

6．ヤットコとは　（やっとこ）

杭（PHC、鋼管等）の打設高さが、施工基面より低い（土中にある場合）時に、杭に追加して土中に打ち込むもの。ヤットコを利用することにより、施工基面を下げるための土工が省略できる。

7．ディープウェル工法とは　（でぃーぷうぇるこうほう）

井戸用鋼管を地中深く設置し、井戸内に流入した地下水を水中ポンプで汲み上げ、井戸周辺の地下水位を低下させる工法

8．SAVEコンポーザー工法とは　（せーぶこんぽーざーこうほう）

強制昇降装置による回転圧入で、ケーシングパイプの貫入・引き抜きを行ない、ケーシングパイプを所定深度まで貫入した後、細かくウェーブ施工することによって、杭体を拡径し締固めを行なう。振動エネルギーを用いないので、静かに「締固め」が行える工法

9．飽和度とは　（ほうわど）

土の間隙の体積に対する
間隙中の水の体積の割合

10．竪壁とは　（たてかべ）

擁壁等の壁の名称

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